In today’s world, many people realize they need to educate themselves about the reality of disease. Besides gaining basic knowledge about the diseases they may be susceptible to, individuals need to develop prevention strategies that will allow them to lead a profoundly healthy life. Diabetes is a disease that more and more people are striving to learn more about. Learn more about this disease and some of its serious consequences, including diabetic coma, by reading the information below:
THEN... WHAT IS DIABETES?
Diabetes is a disease that occurs when a person’s blood glucose (sugar) levels are too high. Blood glucose is the body’s major source of energy and is found in the food we eat. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, allows the glucose in food to enter our cells. We then used the food for energy. If the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively, the glucose remains in the blood and never reaches the cells. Sometimes, individuals refer to diabetes as “borderline diabetes” or a “sugar high.” These terms show the person is not really diabetic or is dealing with a less serious disease. Each case must be recognized, evaluated, and followed up.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIABETES?
The three most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes.
TYPE 1 DIABETES
People with type 1 diabetes find their bodies do not produce insulin. Instead, their immune system attacks and destroys the pancreatic cells responsible for producing insulin. Typically, this form of diabetes is diagnosed in young adults and children. However, it can appear at any stage of life. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day to live.
TYPE 2 DIABETES
People with type 2 diabetes find their bodies do not produce or use insulin effectively. They can gain this form of diabetes in life, including during childhood. However, the condition is more common in middle-aged and older people. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the disease.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs in some women during pregnancy. This form of diabetes usually ends once the baby is born. However, if you have gestational diabetes, you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later on. Sometimes, the form of diabetes diagnosed during a woman’s pregnancy is type 2.
OTHER FORMS OF DIABETES
A less common form of diabetes is monogenic diabetes. This is diabetes that is inherited by individuals. Another less common form of diabetes is cystic fibrosis diabetes.
HOW COMMON IS DIABETES?
In 2015, 30.3 million individuals in the United States had diabetes. This represents 9.4 percent of the population. Over 1 in 4 people did not know they had the disease. Diabetes affects 1 in 4 people over the age of 65. About 90-95% of adults with diabetes have the type 2 form.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
There are many symptoms that can show a person has diabetes. Here are some of them:
- increased urination and thirst
- fatigue
- increased hunger
- Numbness in the hands or feet
- Blurred vision
- Unexplained weight loss
- Wounds that do not heal
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
A wide range of factors can cause type 2 diabetes, including genes and lifestyle. Some considerations:
OBESITY, BEING OVERWEIGHT AND HAVING A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE.
If you lead a sedentary lifestyle and are currently obese or overweight, you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Sometimes, carrying too much weight can lead to insulin resistance. In addition, the location of body fat is important. Specifically, excess fat in the abdominal area is linked to blood vessel disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. You can use the BMI charts to determine if your current weight puts you at greater risk for this disease.
INSULIN RESISTANCE
Type 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance. This is a condition in which the fat cells, liver and muscles do not use insulin effectively. Because of this body deficiency, the body needs more insulin for glucose to enter the cells. Initially, the individual’s pancreas produces more insulin to compensate for the extra demands. Over time, the person’s pancreas no longer produces enough insulin. This leads to an increase in blood sugar levels.
GENES AND FAMILY HISTORY
Unfortunately, certain genes can make a person more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. This disease runs in families. In addition, it is more common in the following ethnic/racial communities:
- African Americans
- American Indians
- Alaskan Native Americans
- Hispanic/Latino
- Asian Americans
- Pacific Islanders
- Native Hawaiians
Also note that a person’s genes may increase their susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by increasing their risk of being obese or overweight.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE DIABETES?
Over time, people who have too much glucose in their blood can experience health complications. Some of these include:
- Stroke
- Heart disease
- Foot problems
- Eye problems
- Kidney disease
- Nerve damage
- Dental disease
DIABETIC COMA
Diabetic coma is another health problem that a person may experience because of diabetes. This type of coma is a state of unconsciousness resulting from either hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) or hyperglycemia (high blood glucose).
There are many symptoms that may show that a person is suffering from this type of coma. Symptoms for people with hyperglycemia include:
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
- Increased amount of urine
- Shortness of breath
- Drowsiness
- Weak pulse,
- Increased thirst
- Unsteady walking
- Dry mouth
- Rapid heart rate
- Hunger
- Fruity odor on the breath
Symptoms of people with hypoglycemia include:
- Sweating
- Weakness
- Anxiety
- Fatigue
- Trembling
- Rapid breathing
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Nervousness
- Dizziness
- Communication problems
- Dizziness
- Hunger
Other risk factors include:
- Trauma
- Surgery
- Illness
- Poor diabetes management
- Illicit substance use
- Insulin administration problems
- Skipping insulin doses
- Alcohol consumption
TREATMENT
diabetic coma by insulin injection,
When a person falls into a diabetic coma, he or she needs immediate treatment. If treatment is delayed, the person may die or suffer brain damage.
If the individual’s blood sugar was too high, treatment will include:
- Intravenous fluids
- Insulin
- potassium, sodium and phosphate supplements.
If the individual’s blood sugar is too low, treatment will include:
- 50% dextrose solution.
- intravenous fluids
- Glucagon (a hormone that raises the person’s blood sugar)
PREVENTION
We can implement many strategies to reduce a person’s vulnerability to diabetic coma. Here are some of them:
- Checking and recording blood glucose levels according to the schedule recommended by the designated health care professional.
- Knowing the symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
- Learning about the foods that affect your blood sugar levels and designing a personalized meal plan that promotes blood sugar balance.
- Do not skip meals
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CONCLUSION
In today’s world, millions of people face diabetes. To avoid this disease or treat it properly, it is important to learn as much as possible. Review the information described above to maintain a clear and concise understanding of what this disease is and how it works in the body. Also, share this information on social media so that more people can realize the role diabetes can play in their life or the life of a loved one.
